Similarly, Chad, Eritrea and Israel recognize Arabic as one of their official or working languages but are not included in the region because they are not members of the Arab League. Malta, an island country in Southern Europe whose national language derives from Arabic (through Sicilian Arabic), is not included in the region. He also considered Iraq, alongside Upper Mesopotamia (Iraq, Syria and Turkey), Ash-Sham (Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Turkey), Egypt and the Maghreb (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Western Sahara Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) to be part of the Arab regions. In page 9 of Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions, 10th century Arab geographer Al Maqdisi used the term Arab regions ( Arabic: أَقَالِيمُ ٱلْعَرَبِ) to refer to the lands of the Arabian Peninsula (Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen). The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries a project known as Pan-Arabism. Arab nationalism arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other nationalist movements within the Ottoman Empire. In post-classical history, the Arab world was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates. The region mostly corresponds with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) definition. The region is nevertheless diverse in many ways, and economically includes some of the wealthiest as well as poorest populations. The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the Mashriq, and the western part as the Maghreb.Īccording to the World Bank, the Arab world has a total population of 456 million inhabitants and a gross domestic product of $2.85 trillion, as of 2021. The region stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Indian Ocean in the southeast. At its maximum it consists of the 22 members of the Arab League, an international organization, which on top of the 19 states also includes the Comoros, Djibouti and Somalia. The Arab world is at its minimum defined as the 19 states where Arabic is natively spoken. Arabic is used as the lingua franca throughout the Arab world. While the majority of people in the Arab world are ethnically Arab, there are also significant populations of other ethnic groups such as Berbers, Kurds, Somalis and Nubians, among other groups. The Arab world ( Arabic: اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ al-ʿālam al-ʿarabī), formally the Arab homeland ( اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ al-waṭan al-ʿarabī), also known as the Arab nation ( اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ al-ummah al-ʿarabīyyah), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a vast group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
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